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An aneroid sphygmomanometer is the familiar blood pressure monitor with a dial gauge – no mercury, no electricity, just reliable, accurate readings.

HISTORY / ORIGIN

The sphygmomanometer was invented in the late 19th century. Aneroid sphygmomanometers, which means "without fluid," use a mechanical gauge instead of mercury. They have been available for probably as long as mercury sphygmomanometers. Today, aneroid sphygmomanometers are considered safer than mercury sphygmomanometers.

TYPES OF ANEROID SPHYGMOMANOMETERS

Aneroid sphygmomanometers come in several types:

Proteins rarely work alone – they interact with other proteins, DNA, and RNA to carry out cellular functions. Two-hybrid systems help scientists map these interactions.

HISTORY / ORIGIN

The two-hybrid system is an in vivo yeast-based system that takes advantage of the modular nature of the yeast GAL4 transcription factor. It identifies interactions between two proteins by reconstituting GAL4 domains and activating a reporter gene. Since its development, two-hybrid systems have become essential tools for studying protein-protein, protein-DNA, and protein-RNA interactions.

TYPES OF TWO-HYBRID SYSTEMS

Two-hybrid systems have evolved into several variants: